PFM Efficiency gains in Egypt

one percent efficiency gain in Egypt’s budget for 2009 would yield $637 million dollars, enough resources to build 40,000 schools, pave 4,500 kilometers of highway, or recruit an additional 600,000 doctors.

- "Public Financial Management Reform in the Middle East and North Africa: An Overview of Regional Experience"

July Book Club readings

There are a few PFM related books in our July list.

Author Blog of the Day- Daniel Ben Ami

danielbenam

In Pictures- UK Emergency Budget

via Big Picture

 via The Economist

The first crucial decision he had to make was his goal for the public finances: his “fiscal mandate”. He set an exacting objective of balancing the cyclically adjusted current budget (which excludes net investment) within five years. In his next big decision, he plumped for overachieving: the specific plans he set out over the next four years mean that the goal should be met in 2014-15, a year early.

Infographic of the Day- How Laws Are Made

How Our Laws Are Made

Check list for ensuring value for money of public spending?

British Treasurer George Osborne issued details of the 'process and principles' that will underpin the Spending Review;

-Thinking innovatively about the role of government in society;
-Taking the difficult decisions to reduce the deficit collectively as a Government; and
-Consulting widely using all available talents to deliver a stronger society as well as a smaller state.

It also lists a check list of criteria for evaluation public spending-

• Is the activity essential to meet Government priorities?
• Does the Government need to fund this activity?
• Does the activity provide substantial economic value?
• Can the activity be targeted to those most in need?
• How can the activity be provided at lower cost?
• How can the activity be provided more effectively?
• Can the activity be provided by a non-state provider or by citizens, wholly or in
• partnership?
• Can non-state providers be paid to carry out the activity according to the results
• they achieve?
• Can local bodies as opposed to central government provide the activity?

Related:
How the UK Will Wield the Razor;

The first is that there is too much emphasis on efficiency gains as the source of savings, whereas the focus should have been primarily on program cuts. Thus the number one objective of the new “strategic approach to spending” outlined in the government’s document is a “step change in the drive for efficiency and value for money in the public sector” – with specific mention of operational efficiencies, contract renegotiations, benchmarking and the maximization of collective buying power. Substantial quick reductions in public expenditure can, however, only come about by eliminating or scaling back whole programs...

One notes in this context that the nine criteria which ministries will be asked to apply in reviewing their expenditure are not as single-mindedly focused on the identification of program cuts as was the case with the six tests applied in the Canadian program review process, but instead wander into the areas of improving the targeting and effectiveness of programs. To be fair, the government document does mention welfare spending as a key focus of the spending review, and this is very important. But overall, there needs to be a much greater focus on program review.

Assorted

OMB's FY 2012 Budget Guidance

Reducing Unnecessary Spending

The Defense of Computers, the Internet and Our Brains

A High-Five for the Invisible Hand

Lübeck as the First Charter City

Australian Budget 2010-11, assorted

Budget Overview

What I wrote on Budget Day: Aid;

The story behind the $1 billion is that Australia has promised to increase development aid to 0.5 per cent of its Gross National Income (as I explain here (link to critique of Henry Review from last week), National Income and not the more commonly used Domestic Product is the right basis for most calculations. Unfortunately for the government (at least in this instance), a recent agreement by statistical agencies has changed the way GNI is calculated. Australia’s statisticians were the first to implement this change, and the result was to increase our GNI by 4 per cent, or about $50 billion.

Budget 2010 – It’s no Sex & The City 2

Federal budget 2010-11 – a sad document

Overall score: 4/10 – too much emphasis on the surplus and not enough emphasis on jobs and living standards.

Generating a Social Surplus;

Too often when evaluating the budget, we tend to focus on the accounts. To be sure, making sure the government has enough revenue to pay the bills is central to the process. But at its core, it is about economic policy-making. So on that level, we need to think broadly about economic benefits and costs.

IMF's Fiscal Monitor

See the transcript of the discussion of the FM;

QUESTIONER: Hi. One, I have a basic math question I’m trying to understand and then a sort of broader question.

So, you’re saying overall for the advanced G-20 countries, by 2030 the debt increases by 40 percentage points or thereabouts. And so to get it to a safe level they have to reduce the deficit by 8.5 percentage points over 10 years -- 8.75, sorry. How does that math work? Why does 8-3/4 get you 40 percentage points?

And then secondly, a sort of broader philosophical question, so you have a variety of tax increases and spending cuts, why don’t you have built in there, since you’re saying growth is so important, growth measures that you would score in the same way you’re scoring this?

MR. COTTARELLI: Let me start from the second one. Of course, there is a recovering growth in the projections, but there is no major increase in potential growth. The reason why we have not done this is to be, in a way, on the cautious side because these reforms in this area are extremely important but it’s difficult to calculate when they will yield benefits.

So, I think that while all countries facing fiscal adjustment should implement the measures to boost potential growth, I think it would be a bit risky to assume from the beginning that potential growth would pick up more strongly than expected, than before the crisis.

What countries, in our view, should do is to base fiscal adjustment on relatively conservative projections on output growth and then hope, to have the strong expectation, that through reforms it would be possible to improve potential growth and there would be upside surprises.

But in terms of measuring risk, I think it would be better not to base fiscal adjustment plans on the expectation that potential growth will be higher than before the crisis. Actually, it is better to be cautious.

On your specific question, the difference is between flows and stock. The improvement in the primary balance is an improvement in the flow and that of course is not from the first tier. It’s a gradual improvement, but it’s an improvement in the flow, in the primary position every year. As a result of this, at the end, you get a decline in the debt ratio by about -- with respect to the baseline and to the starting point, by about 35, 40 percentage points. We can perhaps go through separately to do the math later on at the end.

Assorted

Journal of Development Effectiveness

Human Opportunity Index for Latin America

2010 Nepal Economic Update

2010 Sri Lanka Economic Update

Australia's Future Tax System Review

Public Debt - the very basics

Why Our Current Budget Situation Is a Crisis;

In short, there is no precedent for reducing the ratio of debt to GDP by simply growing our way out of it. Instead, policy choices must be made in order to restore a primary surplus.

U.S Government Debt Since World War II;

My reading of this history is that one should not be optimistic that we can simply shrink the ratio of debt/GDP by growing the denominator. A lot of the reduction that took place between 1947 and 2000 was due to running primary surpluses. If we are going to do that again, we will have to do so in spite of the fact that military spending is a much smaller share of GDP (so that arithmetically there is less room to cut) and in spite of the way that Social Security and Medicare are going to be affected by demographics and health care spending trends.

Jobs at World Bank- Economist position at DEC

The Development Prospects Group (DECPG) is looking for an economist to join its modeling team with a focus on long-term economic developments on diverse topics such as agriculture, energy, climate change, poverty and the other Millennium Development Goals, and the interface between finance and development. The position is based in the Washington, DC headquarters of the World Bank.

Requirements include;

Advanced degree in economics (preferably a Ph.D.) with specialization in one or more of the following fields (agricultural, energy or environmental economics, CGE modeling, micro-simulation techniques, macro modeling)

Experience with CGE modeling, GAMS and/or Stata

Assorted- Bend it like Becker and others

Living on a Budget;

The grocery market in the United States accounts for more than 25 percent of all retail sales, totaling hundreds of billions of dollars. The last decade has seen important transformations in the market structure of this industry with non-traditional retailers such as Walmart and Costco accounting for more than 30 percent of total grocery sales. For any given product, the spread of consumer prices from different retailers is orders of magnitude larger than price fluctuations from changing world food market conditions. The average consumer faces prices that differ by more than 20 percent across stores in the same area.

The National Broadband Plan

Growth Policy- Paul Romer

The economist manifesto

Bend it like Becker

Angus Maddison, Economic Historian, Dies at 83

The Trouble With Rankings

Economics Uncut-A Complete Guide to Life, Death and Misadventure

Yuan to fight about it? The WTO legality of China’s exchange regime

Selling Reforms- Ukraine case

In my view, the case rests on three pillars.

First, Ukrainian leaders have to explain to the citizens why the pre-crisis economic model was not sustainable and what the risks are of delaying adjustment. They need to explain that reforms are needed to avoid loading future generations with debts they cannot repay. Ukraine's public debt ratio was very low before the crisis at 12% of GDP. It will reach close to 40% by the end of 2010. Unless a plan is presented that stops the increase, financing the current deficit will be impossible. The result of inaction would be further devaluation, higher inflation, and further strains on the banking sector. The costs of inorderly adjustment on the common man through reduced real wages and rising unemployment would be much higher than the increases in the monthly utility bill.

Second, to the population at large, reforms need to be presented as a balance of sacrifice. You cannot ask citizens to pay more for utilities and to accept a reduction in pension benefits, if parliamentarians, judges, military officers and high ranking officials still benefit from categorical privileges, early retirement schemes, free housing and many other benefits. Expenditure cuts, which are necessary, are also a hard sell when tax loopholes persist, be it through VAT exemptions that have inflated producer profits but failed to keep end-user prices down, double taxation treaties (such as the one with Cyprus) that facilitate profit tax avoidance, or the Simplified Tax System for individual entrepreneurs that creates inequities across tax payers and erodes the tax base. More generally, a credible plan to improve governance and reduce corruption is key if reforms are to overcome their bad image.

Third, the vulnerable need to receive reassurance that they will be protected. Ukraine has the infrastructure and the resources to deliver targeted social assistance to the poor. However, existing well targeted programs remain underfunded, while poorly targeted benefits gobble up the bulk of social transfer spending. Reallocating funds from poorly to well-targeted programs will allow the poor to be protected at no fiscal cost.

-Selling reforms: On the need for balance in achieving the necessary fiscal consolidation in Ukraine

Microinsurance, trust and economic development

An interesting working paper on microinsurance in China-

While a large literature has examined the importance of microfinance for fostering economic development, microinsurance has received much less attention. A recent paper by Hongbin Cai, Yuyu Chen, Hanming Fang, and Li-An Zhou is among the first to examine the causal effect of microinsurance on production behavior, in the context of hog farming in rural China. Pork meat is an important part the Chinese daily diet, but pork production is very vulnerable to adverse shocks, such as infectious disease and natural disasters. In China, hogs are predominantly raised by rural households as a sideline business. In 2007, the Chinese government implemented a subsidized sow insurance program in some regions with the goal of increasing pork supply to lower prices that had risen after a disease had caused high mortality among hogs. In order to let farmers know about this program and to encourage them to enroll, the government hired an animal husbandry worker in each village. The authors designed an experiment where they provided additional monetary incentives to randomly chosen animal husbandry workers for enrolling farmers in the sow insurance program. Villages where animal husbandry workers received higher incentives have a higher number of insured sows after the experiment. The authors then estimate the effect of this randomly generated variation in the number of insured sows on village sow production. They find that larger insurance coverage significantly increases the number of sows raised in a village. Although the insurance program was heavily subsidized, take-up rates were only around 50 percent. The authors provide evidence that low take-up rates can be attributed to a lack of trust in government sponsored insurance programs. Take-up rates increased after claims were paid out in some regions hit by a natural disaster, allowing farmers to learn about the credibility of the insurance product.

Evidence based government programs

To what extent do you think social programs in the budget are evidence based compared to advocacy influenced?

For many years, studies like these have influenced both politics and policy, fueling national marriage-promotion efforts, like the Healthy Marriage Initiative of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. From 2006 to 2010, the program received $150 million annually to spend on projects like “divorce reduction” efforts and often cited the health benefits of marrying and staying married.

via NYT

Efficiency what?

Efficiency savings: in recent years there has been a concerted drive to reduce the costs in commodities like electricity, to professionalise property management and to make more use of shared services. Here there is a question about control – how far should control be centralised or devolved
to best make efficiency savings. Striking the right balance is difficult, but
possible, as the Institute’s recent work on IT makes clear. The second question is about how such savings translate into cash coming out of the system – to be credible it must be clear which budgets have been reduced in anticipation of these savings, and therefore which ones have to make up any shortfall should the projected efficiencies not be realised.

Source: Undertaking a fiscal consolidation: A guide to action. Institute for Government

Related:
Mark Robsinson reviews the report;

Politics are also the reason why the real tough work required for a successful fiscal consolidation usually takes within the first two budgets after a change of government. If this doesn’t happen, the sense of urgency amongst voters dissipates. Political support for consolidation falls away rapidly, with the electorate falling prey to what the London-based Institute for Government calls – in its interesting recent report Undertaking a Fiscal Consolidation – “consolidation fatigue”.

Special Announcement

Some updates:

Division of Labor among our blogs

Have also added a new list of PFM blogs.

Why is growth stronger in expenditure-driven corrections?

Interesting recent paper;

Goldman Sachs Global Economics, Commodities and Strategy Research- Limiting the Fall-Out from Fiscal Adjustment (via Irish Economy blog)

In a review of every major fiscal correction in the OECD since 1975, we find that decisive budgetary adjustments that have focused on reducing government expenditure have (i) been successful in correcting fiscal imbalances; (ii) typically boosted growth; and (iii) resulted in significant bond and equity market outperformance. Tax-driven fiscal adjustments, by contrast, typically fail to correct fiscal imbalances and are damaging for growth....

In a landmark paper in the mid-1990s, the economists Alberto Alesina and Roberto Perotti found that economic growth fared much better during large fiscal corrections that were (i) decisive rather than gradual and (ii) relied on reductions in current government spending, rather than cuts in public-sector investment or higher taxes.

Now for something peaceful

Source: Embracing a Life of Solitude

“I have to collect firewood, rather than do some job that I have no idea what is the point, which I hate, and from which I am completely alienated,” he said. “Everything in my life feels full of meaning.”

India's got a PEFA

India Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability : Public Financial Management Performance Assessment Report by Pratap Ranjan Jena With assistance from Satadru Sikdar

Why is Mr Tufte going to Washington

I'm doing this because I like accountability and transparency, and I believe in public service. And it is the complete opposite of everything else I do. Maybe I'll learn something. The practical consequence is that I will probably go to Washington several days each month, in addition to whatever homework and phone meetings are necessary.

-Mr Tufte

So Obama hired Edward Tufte;

Though often cast as a free-floating information guru, Mr. Tufte has a highly specific mission: on March 5, he was appointed by President Obama to a panel to advise the Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board, which monitors the way the $787 billion in the stimulus package is being spent...

“Political practice today too often skips right by evidence,” he said by e-mail. “When I listen to True Believers (left or right) talk about the problems that governments are seeking to solve, I keep muttering to myself, ‘How boring, it’s more complicated than that.’ And those who best know that it’s more complicated than that are public servants.”

The board has two missions: to root out waste, fraud and abuse in spending and to inform the American public how the stimulus money is being spent...

In an e-mail message, Mr. Tufte recalled the meeting and said that generally his advice had been to add more information to the site so that a visitor could see things in context. “It shouldn’t look like a government Web site, and it shouldn’t look like a corporate Web site,” he said. “This is a reporting thing — about factual, credible reporting.”...

Jerry Brito, a senior research fellow at George Mason University, has been monitoring the stimulus at his site, stimuluswatch.org.

“What we want is the raw data. We don’t need a beautiful site,” Mr. Brito said.

In fact, he says that recovery.gov is too flashy and too crowded, and uses maps too much instead of simple tables. “Tufte can do a lot of good here,” he said. “There is a lot of low-hanging fruit.”

The Secret to Happiness?

David Brooks writes;

If the relationship between money and well-being is complicated, the correspondence between personal relationships and happiness is not. The daily activities most associated with happiness are sex, socializing after work and having dinner with others. The daily activity most injurious to happiness is commuting. According to one study, joining a group that meets even just once a month produces the same happiness gain as doubling your income. According to another, being married produces a psychic gain equivalent to more than $100,000 a year.

If you want to find a good place to live, just ask people if they trust their neighbors. Levels of social trust vary enormously, but countries with high social trust have happier people, better health, more efficient government, more economic growth, and less fear of crime (regardless of whether actual crime rates are increasing or decreasing).

Further Reading;
The Hidden Wealth of Nations by David Halpern

The Politics of Happiness: What Government Can Learn from the New Research on Well-Being
Derek Bok

Haiti Donor Conference

Haiti Pledge Form looks quiet interesting.

More countries could use this approach in dealing with their donors.

Related: Another pledging form from a small state.

Filling a $9 billion hole- an MTEF for New York?

One way to save New York's finances;

Years of decisions dictated by political expediency have led to a chronic budget imbalance that threatens our short-term solvency and long-term economic health.

Fortunately, Lt. Gov. Richard Ravitch has put forward a plan to provide sorely needed oversight and discipline. He proposes to create a financial review board that would certify the budget only if it’s balanced. The board would employ a smart, multiyear strategy that would weigh significant cuts in spending against limited borrowing. And it would require Albany to adopt generally accepted accounting principles, the standard bookkeeping rules used in business.

According to the report, 'The State needs a multi-year financial planning process directly linked to the annual budget process.'

Another suggestion;

Finally, our short-term cash crunch would be eased if the state refinanced the interest rates on its tobacco-settlement bonds. Given current low long-term interest rates, this is preferable to Lt. Gov. Richard Ravitch’s plan, under which the state would borrow $2 billion a year over three years for operations, leading us down a perilous road of annual borrowing.

Related: Citizen's Budget Commission

Public Reports Watch-Running Public Hospitals in Australia

National Health and Hospitals Network report

Related;
Canberra Babylon

Health debate

Public hospitals - reform overseas

Special Announcement: Focus on Fiscal Responsibility Laws

For the next 4 weeks this blog will be focusing on Fiscal Responsibility Legislations and their international experience. Comments and views welcome.

Enjoy the following post by YangHyun Jin over at IMF's PFM blog;
Pakistan: Monitoring Implementation of the Fiscal Responsibility and Debt Limitation Law

Does talking about ownership and capacity makes sense?

An informative piece on the PFM technical assistance provided to Burundi- one of the poorest countries in the world.

A PFM strategy and its corresponding action plan for the period 2009–11, was adopted by the Council of Ministers in May 2009. It has been designed to address PFM weaknesses identified in particular through FAD diagnostic work since 2005, the Public Expenditure Management and Financial Accountability Review (PEMFAR) finalized by the World Bank in February 2008, and a Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessment performed by the European Commission (EC) in December 2008....

While promising initiatives have been recently implemented, including the installation of a Steering Committee chaired by the Minister of Finance, and of nine technical groups to implement the PFM reforms, the leadership of the reforms process within the MoF and to coordinate TA provided by donors will need to remain a point of attention....

Because of the slow pace of progress, signs of discouragement (from the experts), de-motivation (from the staff), and impatience (from the donors) are appearing, especially if it is considered that the “easiest” part of the reform has been done—strategy, action plan, laws, and decree in particular—and that the next step being a full and consistent implementation of all the provisions and actions developed in these various documents.

My tentative thoughts on the piece-

-IMF and World Bank needs to run the show, rhetoric of ownership is important, but when there is acute capacity constraints, lets face it, IMF should be the demanding advocate.

-What's an effective central finance agency? Their finance minister needs to have clarity on this important issue.

-PEMFAR of the World Bank appears a decent standard document- on MTEF they recommend Tajkistan approach which may not be the best approach. If any one can provide a link to their PEFA please do so,

-Most importantly we encourage the Fund to write more similar pieces on country case studies.

Related:
Managing Public Finance in Burundi- USAID;

The Ministry of Finance currently comprises some 250 employees (not including customs). Its workforce is thin and unmotivated at higher levels (except for some of the top officials), and drifting and underskilled at lower levels. The general erosion of staff and skills in the Burundi government, not only because of the conflict but because of the much higher compensation offered in Rwanda more recently as well, is well known and has affected the Ministry of Finance as much as the rest of the government. Issues of capacity building in the Ministry of Finance are thus no different than systemic capacity building and civil service issues in general.

Burundi, Economic Reform and Financial Transparency Assessment Program (2005-2006)

The Greeks of Burundi

EU Relations with Burundi

Burundi- Country Statistics

Assorted on Burundi Economics

Some items about the economy of Burundi from recent IMF reports and Government's letters of intents;

Fiscal policy is also geared to addressing debt sustainability concerns. Given Burundi’s debt burden, external financing of the budget should be strictly limited to grants and highly concessional loans.

The ratio of the government wage bill to GDP will decline less than anticipated in the medium term owing to higher payroll in the priority sectors, which are key for achieving progress toward the Millennium Development Goals. The ratio should remain below 11 percent of GDP toward the end of the program in 2011.

To contain the wage bill, the government will continue to draw on the findings of the Public Expenditure Management and Financial Accountability Review (PEMFAR) prepared jointly by the World Bank and the government of Burundi. In particular, with the census of civil servants having been completed and payroll management transferred to the Ministry of Finance, the government will proceed with the audit of the payroll to ensure that the calculated wages are indeed on a sound legal basis and that there are no abuses. This audit should precede the exercise to harmonize wages. To increase spending in the priority sectors, the government will implement a rationalization plan for nonpriority spending, in accordance with the PFM strategy.

Burundi will seek only concessional external financing or grants. The government will not contract nonconcessional foreign debt and will ensure that all loans contracted have a grant element of at least 50 percent. To make certain that the concessionality threshold is respected, the government will ensure compliance with the provision that the Ministry of Finance has the exclusive right to negotiate and sign external loans.

National Accounts
Serious deficiencies in real sector data handicap analysis and economic management. National accounts are compiled infrequently. Source data on agriculture, the most important activity, is inadequate. The Statistical Office (ISTEEBU) responsible for producing economic statistics and preparing national accounts has weak capacity. Since 1998 Burundi has reported annual national accounts estimates to the Fund with about a three-month lag, which are derived from a macroeconomic projection model maintained by the Ministry of Planning and Reconstruction. Recently, ISTEEBU has developed, with AFRISTAT’s help, a set of provisional national accounts for 2005, the new base year. This is a major effort because the last national accounts data were from 1998.

For Discussion: How reliable are their national accounts estimates and other statistics?

Burundi Fact of the Day

GDP per capita is about $139, and only 18 percent of the population has food security. The IMF and World Bank have cancelled more than 90 percent of Burundi's debt, worth about $1.4 billion.

-Burundi's Debt Relief Savings to Go to Food, Health, Schools

Assorted Reports

World Economic and Social Survey 2009: Promoting Development, Saving the Planet

Reconstructing Public Administration after Conflict

Achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in an Era of Global Uncertainty: Asia-Pacific Regional Report 2009/10

Women, Business and the Law 2010

Hidden Wealth of Nations

The Hidden Wealth of Nations by David Halpern
Table of Contents
Preface and Introduction.
Chapter One: Prosperity and wellbeing.
Chapter Two: Not getting along.
Chapter Three: The politics of virtue.
Chapter Four: Fairness and Inclusion.
Chapter Five: Power and Governance.
Chapter Six: Conclusion.

Randomised Trials for PFM Reforms?

Not quiet. Tim Harford has an interesting column urging governments to adopt randomised trials more widely.

Is Jamie Oliver right to emphasise healthy school meals? Run a trial. Should young offenders be sent to boot camp, or to meet victims of crime? Run a trial. What can we do to persuade households to use less electricity? Run a trial...

When the UK government recently introduced the “synthetic phonics” method of teaching young children to read, they were told by Carole Torgerson, an evaluation expert at the University of York, that they could easily bolster the slim evidence base by randomising which schools joined the programme first. They didn’t. (More encouragingly, Ms Torgerson has been commissioned to evaluate maths teaching.)

Some people feel queasy at talk of “experimentation” in the classroom, prison or benefit office – but politicians experiment on us all the time with their latest policy wheezes. We learn little or nothing because the experiments are badly designed.

What is missing is the political demand for tests of what really works. Too many policies on education, welfare and criminal justice are just so much homeopathy: cute-sounding stories about what works leaning more on faith than on evidence. Politicians and civil servants, faced with some fancy new idea, should get into the habit of asking for a proper randomised trial. And we, as citizens, should be equally demanding....

Trial registers also feed into systematic review bodies such as the Cochrane Collaboration, which is an international offshoot of a National Health Service initiative. In less than two decades, the Cochrane Collaboration has published 4,000 systematic reviews of medical treatments, digging up data from unpublished trials, and providing the information to save many lives. A parallel body for social policy has far fewer trials to evaluate

For Discussion: What are typical training programs on randomised trials for policy makers?

Related:
There is a smarter way to cut public spending

Executive Training: Evaluating Social Programs

Women Fact of the Day

Only 20 of 128 economies have equal legal rights for men and women in several important areas for entrepreneurs and workers, according to a new World Bank Group report, Women, Business and the Law 2010.

Strategic Sourcing- Can it work in Developing Countries

For Discussion: Do you think it can work in developing countries? Or would it lead to more corruption?

Increasing the use of strategic sourcing by agencies, where agencies band together to use their purchasing power to buy commodities – such as paper, copiers, and printers — at a discount.

PFM tools for the IT Age

I'm looking for examples of innovative use of government expenditure data.

Examples:
Where Does the Money Go?

Related;
Show Us a Better Way
Putting the Frontline First: Smarter Government

Assorted on Teaching and Education

Mathematica and Wolfram|Alpha Are Revolutionizing Education

Building a Better Teacher ;

He called a wedding videographer he knew through a friend and asked him if he’d like to tag along on some school visits. Their first trip to North Star Academy, a charter school in Newark, turned into a five-year project to record teachers across the country. At first, Lemov financed the trip out of his consulting budget; later, Uncommon Schools paid for it. The odyssey produced a 357-page treatise known among its hundreds of underground fans as Lemov’s Taxonomy. (The official title, attached to a book version being released in April, is “Teach Like a Champion: The 49 Techniques That Put Students on the Path to College.”)

I first encountered the taxonomy this winter in Boston at a training workshop, one of the dozens Lemov gives each year to teachers. Central to Lemov’s argument is a belief that students can’t learn unless the teacher succeeds in capturing their attention and getting them to follow instructions. Educators refer to this art, sometimes derisively, as “classroom management.” The romantic objection to emphasizing it is that a class too focused on rules and order will only replicate the power structure; a more common view is that classroom management is essential but somewhat boring and certainly less interesting than creating lesson plans. While some education schools offer courses in classroom management, they often address only abstract ideas, like the importance of writing up systems of rules, rather than the rules themselves. Other education schools do not teach the subject at all. Lemov’s view is that getting students to pay attention is not only crucial but also a skill as specialized, intricate and learnable as playing guitar.

Andrew Gelman on the above article

Teaching: What I Learned Last Semester

Teach Like a Champion: 49 Techniques that Put Students on the Path to College - Doug Lemov

Uncommon Schools

Podcasts:

The national curriculum
The first draft of a national curriculum in maths, English, science and history is now online for public consultation.It covers kindergarten to year 10, with the planned changes for years 11 and 12 to be added in April.

National curriculum: the English experience
A three-year review of primary education in England says that the national curriculum and national testing has narrowed schooling and placed too much emphasis on basic literacy and numeracy.

'Workforce Futures'
Skills Australia has handed over a report titled 'Australian Workforce Futures' to the Deputy Prime Minister, Julia Gillard. Skills Australia is an independent statutory body established to provide advice to the government on future skills.

Hoisted from Comments- World Bank's blogs

Thanks to Ryan Hahn for clarifying;

Almost all of the Bank's blogs can be seen in a single format here: http://blogs.worldbank.org. I believe the only exceptions are the PSD Blog and the new blog, All About Finance.

As a general point, I don't think it makes sense to think of all the blogs as a single unit. The Bank is a large institution with experts covering many different areas. If I want to read about finance, I'd rather not have a lot of information on, say, ICT mixed in.

The Winston Wolf of Public Management

An interesting profile of US Defense Secretary;

In his memoir Speech-less, Matt Latimer, a speechwriter for both Rumsfeld and Bush, describes Gates as "our Winston Wolf," the Harvey Keitel character in Pulp Fiction who comes to dispose of the bodies and take care of the bloody mess after an accidental killing. "Wolf was a case study of robotic efficiency, overseeing an elaborate cleanup while calmly drinking a cup of coffee," writes Latimer. "That's what President Bush wanted — a cold-blooded competent cleaner."

The cleaner quickly went to work. He walked into the Pentagon alone. Inheriting many former Rumsfeld aides, Gates told them on his first day that he wouldn't be firing anyone. There was no time for confirmations, and he was leaving that day for Iraq. Gates brought a sense of relief, a feeling that an adult was back in charge...

One of the things his staffers love about him is his common sense, I-don't-get-it attitude toward the stupidity of bureaucracy. Now that he's past worrying about climbing within that bureaucracy, he has the confidence to break it. At the height of the Iraq surge in 2007, which Gates supported, more than 100 soldiers a month were dying. It's almost impossible as an outsider to understand why the Pentagon would not want to build the mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles, known as MRAPs, that would have saved many of those soldiers' lives. Instead of budgeting for MRAPs, the Pentagon was still spending money on outdated weapon systems. So Gates bypassed the normal procurement process, created a special task force, went to Congress and got the money to build them. "Those vehicles saved hundreds of lives and limbs," says a senior Pentagon official...

The list of mindless bureaucratic obstacles that were hampering the war effort was dizzying. For example: military officers complained that there were not enough drones, Predators and unmanned reconnaissance in the air to help target insurgent cells. The holdup? Air Force pilots are taught to fly real planes, not drones. Each pilot costs about $1 million to train. And yet some staff sergeants in the Army had started operating the drones at a fraction of the price, with far fewer crashes. "If the Army is doing it safer and cheaper and able to produce more pilots faster, why aren't we doing it to that standard?" Gates asked. "This requires a cultural revolution in the Air Force," explained one of his staffers — which it got in 2008, after Gates fired the civilian and military leaders of the service for other reasons. Now the Air Force licenses junior officers to fly unmanned aircraft, and Gates has tripled the number of drones operating in the war zones...

Gates is a man of old-school habits: a Grey Goose at the end of the day and preferably steak or bacon cheeseburgers for lunch and dinner. He doesn't use a cell phone. He asked me during our interview if there was tape in my digital recorder. Gates keeps a box filled with index cards of quotes and anecdotes and one-liners he's collected over the years. His favorite comedians are both dead — George Carlin and W.C. Fields. Their sensibilities suit Gates' own — taking down institutions, puncturing pomp. He's even adopted some of their style. He loves to tell the same jokes about egos in Washington — "where people say, I'll double-cross that bridge when I get to it," and "the only place in the world you can see a prominent person walking down lovers' lane holding his own hand."...

At the height of the Iraq surge, Gates gave a speech to the Marine Corps Association. He began in Johnny Carson fashion with a long, meticulously timed story about Nixon's Secretary of Defense Mel Laird on a trip to see the Pope.

Laird was smoking a cigar, and Henry Kissinger told him to at least put it out before they went inside. "A couple of minutes into the Pope's remarks, Kissinger heard this little patting sound, and he looked over, and there was a wisp of smoke coming out of Laird's pocket. The Secretary of Defense was on fire. The American party heard this slapping and thought they were being cued to applaud. And so they did. And Henry later told us, 'God only knows what His Holiness thought, seeing the American Secretary of Defense immolating himself, and the entire American party applauding the fact.' "...

Like Obama, Gates can consume reams of information. His photographic memory is legendary. He is a voracious reader of history, spy novels and pulp fiction. He's subscribed to the Book-of-the-Month Club for 50 years. And he is careful, meticulously so. One decades-long colleague told me Gates will cancel a briefing if he hasn't done his homework. "Preparation for him is a cathartic experience," says his spokesman Morrell. He vents brutal answers to imaginary questions so he can be more diplomatic on the Hill. He's vigilant about the stagecraft of statecraft, even taking his own messy handwritten notes to meetings so his preparation can be seen...

What did Gates ask the President-elect? "I asked him if he could trust me."

The Silo of World Bank Blogs

Two new additions to the World Bank blogs:

Prospects for Development
All About Finance

Advice to World Bankers: Please consolidate your blogs- may be it's a reflection of the Bank's management style? What do you think readers? Do include settings for blogger feeds in all the blogs.

Currrent Favorite Authors at IMF/World Bank Joint Library:

Stiglitz, Joseph E/ Reinhart, Carmen M. / Collier, Paul / Eichengreen, Barry J.
/ Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. / Yusuf, Shahid, (World Bank Staff)/ Sen, Amartya /Baum, Christopher F. / Ahmad, Ehtisham / StataCorp LP / Shephard, Neil / Pozen, Robert C./ Hayek, Friedrich A. von (Friedrich August) / Greene, William H. / Gladwell, Malcolm / Fabozzi, Frank J. / Cameron, Adrian Colin